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Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church United Kingdom - World wide- Est 1913.
†
THE MOST REVEREND DAVID BELL .OSC. DD. BA. MA. JD. LL.D(Law)FRSA.
HIS EMINENCE the CARDINAL. ARCHBISHOP OF LONDON.
'Irish Gaelic' An Tollamh David Bell C Oirmhinneach an chuid is mó.Cairdinéal. Ard-Easpag Londain.
Honoris Causa 'Professor of Law'
Former Secretary for Doctrine & Faith of the Brazilian Patriarchate. "ICAB". 19.09.2005 - 29.10.2009.
H.E. Archbishop David Bell was ordained a deacon and later priest by a Roman Catholic bishop in February 2006. He has been leading ICAB UK and SPLXIII for the past several years under the episcopal Patriarchal care of the late Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez, Patriarch of Brazil and UK of ICAB 'Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira' "Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church" . He was consecrated in late 2006 by His Beatitude Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez. Archbishop David Bell represents some 63 Catholic Bishops of Vatican I within ICAB UK World wide who all hold apostolic succession from his hands in various countries with thriving Cathedrals, Churches, Universitys, Schools and Seminars. Cardinal David Bell and a small team of senior bishops travel from country to country representing the best interests of ICAB UK in intercommunion relations with other fellow Christian Churches. Photograph opposite is Msgr Dineley. Msgr Carroll. Cardinal David Bell. Father Nikolay and Brother Greolinine 'Capuchin' outside the Mayors Office after important talks with the Mayor.
Archbishop David Bell has celebrated Mass with Roman Catholic and many established Orthodox priests and bishops in their respective Cathedrals and Churchs in their respective countries. Archbishop David Bell is a qualified solicitor of Canon & Ecclesiasti
cal Law. He holds the following a BA and MA (Theology). J.D(Law) and a LL.D (law) and not forgetting a "Honoris causa" Professorship in Law.
cal Law. He holds the following a BA and MA (Theology). J.D(Law) and a LL.D (law) and not forgetting a "Honoris causa" Professorship in Law.The Roman Catholic Apostolic Succession of Archbishop David Bell is that of Vatican I "before Vatican II was established in 1962" it is the purest and strongest apostolic succession outside the Roman Catholic Church of Vatican I and II. It contains the most purest and traceable apostolic line with not less than Catholic Cardinals, Popes of Rome, Patriarchs. Most of the Cardinals within the Apostolic Succession served within high ranking positions of the Roman Catholic Church Curia.
ICAB UK is not a Schismatic Church. We have written records from Rome confirming t
his and ICAB UK Bishops are not valid and illict, but simply valid. See explanation at http://www.icabuk.org.uk/ and understand that Excommunication latae sententiae—”reserved to the Holy See” (Canon 1382, CC 1983). The excommunication Latae Sententiae takes effect by the very act itself; it does not need to be decreed. In the particular case, the 1917 Canon Law inflicted only a suspension (“Ipso iure suspensi sunt, donec sedes Apostolica eos dispenaverit”—"They are suspended by the law itself, until the Apostolic See dispenses them” [Canon 2370, CC 19171). It is only since the Decree of the Holy Office of August 9, 1951, that the sanction of the excommunication ‘ipso facto’ most specially reserved to the Holy See was introduced for illegal episcopal consecrations. It is confirmed that as Archbishop 
Carlos Duarte Costa ‘Carolum Duarte Costa’ resignation was accepted by the Roman Catholic Church of his Diocese of Bucato in 1937 by His Holiness; Pope Pius XI. He was appointed Titular Bishop of Maurea as decreed in the ACTA APOSTOLICA SEDIS 1937 . Lets not forget that The Most Reverend Dom. Carlos Duarte Costa was released from the Roman Catholic Church canon law and any further Roman Catholic Canon law did not apply to him or any of his fellow bishops from there on. In addition, ICAB-UK uses the old liturgical books in Latin for the transmission of Holy orders. ICAB-UK uses the Roman Pontifical Pre Vatican II
his and ICAB UK Bishops are not valid and illict, but simply valid. See explanation at http://www.icabuk.org.uk/ and understand that Excommunication latae sententiae—”reserved to the Holy See” (Canon 1382, CC 1983). The excommunication Latae Sententiae takes effect by the very act itself; it does not need to be decreed. In the particular case, the 1917 Canon Law inflicted only a suspension (“Ipso iure suspensi sunt, donec sedes Apostolica eos dispenaverit”—"They are suspended by the law itself, until the Apostolic See dispenses them” [Canon 2370, CC 19171). It is only since the Decree of the Holy Office of August 9, 1951, that the sanction of the excommunication ‘ipso facto’ most specially reserved to the Holy See was introduced for illegal episcopal consecrations. It is confirmed that as Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa ‘Carolum Duarte Costa’ resignation was accepted by the Roman Catholic Church of his Diocese of Bucato in 1937 by His Holiness; Pope Pius XI. He was appointed Titular Bishop of Maurea as decreed in the ACTA APOSTOLICA SEDIS 1937 . Lets not forget that The Most Reverend Dom. Carlos Duarte Costa was released from the Roman Catholic Church canon law and any further Roman Catholic Canon law did not apply to him or any of his fellow bishops from there on. In addition, ICAB-UK uses the old liturgical books in Latin for the transmission of Holy orders. ICAB-UK uses the Roman Pontifical Pre Vatican II
H.E. Archbishop David Bell was elevated as a Titular Patriarch & Cardinal of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (ICAB) by His Beatitude; Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez by a Patriarchal Bull signed, sealed and legalised known as an Apostille “This means the signatures on the documents signed in front of them was witnessed by solicitors and government representatives of both the Brazilian Government and United Kingdom government.Archbishop David Bell was also elevated to an appointmen
t as the first non Brazilian Church ‘Secretary for Doctrine and Faith of the Brazilian Patriarchate’ by a Patriarchal Bull. Cardinal . Archbishop Bell was a close friend and confident to the late Patriarch of Brazil until the last moments of him having a severe heart attack and loosing unconsciousness in Hospital in late October 2009. Cardinal David Bell and several fellow Bishops from the UK was with Patriarch Mendez who for many long years led the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (ICAB) to its eminent position within the Christian community.
t as the first non Brazilian Church ‘Secretary for Doctrine and Faith of the Brazilian Patriarchate’ by a Patriarchal Bull. Cardinal . Archbishop Bell was a close friend and confident to the late Patriarch of Brazil until the last moments of him having a severe heart attack and loosing unconsciousness in Hospital in late October 2009. Cardinal David Bell and several fellow Bishops from the UK was with Patriarch Mendez who for many long years led the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (ICAB) to its eminent position within the Christian community.Archbishop David Bell’s appointment as Secretary for Doctrine and Faith of the Brazilian Patriarchate relinquished upon the death of the late Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez on the 29 October 2009. He was the first ever non Brazilian citizen of the church to be appointed such a senior position within the patriarchate. However; as always Archbishop Bell retains his elevation as a Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church Cardinal this remains with him until the day he passes to his etern
al reward.
al reward.Archbishop David Bell was consecrated as a Diocesan Bishop by the late Patriarch Dom Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez who was the 4 th Bishop consecrated by the late Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa who was a Roman Catholic Diocesan Bishop of Bucato and later the Titular Bishop of Maura and re-founded as the Archbishop of Rio de Janerio. The two co consecrators of Cardinal David Bells consecration was Bishop Olinto Ferreira Pinto; Diocesan Bishop of Rio de Janerio (Bishop Pinto was also ordained a priest by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa and held the position as Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa secretary; he was consecrated a bishop by Bishop Pedro Santos Silva who was consecrated also by Archbishop Duarte Costa on 4th November 1956 and Bishop Josivaldo Pereira de Oliveira; Auxiliary Bishop of Rio de Janerio now “President of ICAB” (consecrated by Patriarch Dom Castillo Mendez) . The consecration took place in the Patriarchal Cathedral of Our Lady & Medalha Milagrosa in Brasilia, Brazil during the solemn celebration of the Mass, the consecration was photographed and recorded on to DVD for history records. The consecration rite and rubrics used was the Roman Catholic Pontifical Pre Vatican II.
H.E. Archbishop David Bell was consecrated a Diocesan Bishop with full rights which included full sacraments and a pure Roman Catholic pre Vatican II Apostolic Succession. ‘Vatican I’ Cardinal David Bell was elevated by decree as Titular Patriarch & Cardinal. Archbishop and Primus for the United Kingdom Church.
Bishop Olinto (Co consecrator) Patriarch Mendez (Principal Consecrator) Bishop Josivaldo (Co consecrator
Archbishop David Bell spent many moments in the Brazilian Patriarchal Palace speaking with His Beatitude on matters of doctrine and concerns. In 2005 & 2006 he spent five weeks with His Beatitude, opening new churches and assisting the Patriarch on other important matters. In 2006 the United Kingdom Church received consent by written decree from His Beatitude; Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez to be known as the Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira- United Kingdom “Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church-UK” for which its appointed head was His Beatitude; Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez. This decree placed ICAB UK and Patriarch David Bell under the Brazilian Patriarch's direct authority. The United Kingdom churches world wide uses the Tridentine Rite and pre Vatican II rites and ru
brics and adheres to the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. In late 2007 the United Kingdom church broke communion with ICAB New Counsel of Bishop’s in Brazil as the United Kingdom College of Bishops felt that the forced election of the new 'President' under Bishop Josivaldo was not fair and democratically elected. The United Kingdom College of Bishops & the Secretary for Doctrine & Faith had not been consulted among many other bishops in foreign countries.
brics and adheres to the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. In late 2007 the United Kingdom church broke communion with ICAB New Counsel of Bishop’s in Brazil as the United Kingdom College of Bishops felt that the forced election of the new 'President' under Bishop Josivaldo was not fair and democratically elected. The United Kingdom College of Bishops & the Secretary for Doctrine & Faith had not been consulted among many other bishops in foreign countries. ICAB UK World wide remained as one with the Brazilian Patriarch and with him alone. He remained always as the Patriarch of ICAB UK Worldwide until he passed to his eternal reward on the 29th October 2009. Several attempts were made by Bishop Josivaldo “Chancellor” to remove then Cardinal . Archbishop Bell as Secretary for Doctrine & Faith; but he was always over ruled by the late Patriarch Dom. Mendez. Co adjutor Bishop Josivaldo then Chancellor was angry that a non Brazilian had for the first time ever in 60 years of the foundation of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church had been appointed to such a high office for which the office was not answerable to his office as Chancellor.
Archbishop David Bell co celebrated Mass many times with His Beatitude at the Patriarchal Cathedral in Brasilia; H.E. Cardinal David Bell also escorted His Beatitude on several visits throughout Brazil opening new churches and assisting His Beatitude in a Patriarchal Vicar role. Cardinal Archbishop Bell was ordained as a sub deacon, Deacon and Priest by an Old Catholic Bishop of Utrecht until the late Bishop passed away to his death, he has been involved in the church for some 20 years up to the present day as of the 07.06.2010.
Archbishop Antonio Jose da Costa Raposo was consecrated sacred bishop by His Beatitude; Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez. Patriarch of Brazil on November 28, 1982. His Eminence had an audience with our beloved and loved late Pope John Paul II on August 23, 2000 as seen within the picture, There is no doubt that the Roman Catholic Church accepts his consecration as a valid catholic bishop as the same for our beloved Cardinal-Archbishop Bell who had an audience with the late Pope John Paul II in November 2004 were he was placed on a raised VIP boxed area. Both Archbishop Antonio Jose da Costa Raposo and Cardinal. Archbishop Bell was consecrated by the same Principal Consecrator that is the late Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez, 4th Bishop consecrated by the late Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa.Archbishop is a qualified solicitor. He holds the following a BA and MA (Theology). J.D(Law) and a LL.D (law) and not forgetting a Honorary Professorship in Law. Patriarch David Bell was born in to a large Catholic Family of 8 children in Ireland and is an Eire citizen.
Archbishop David Bell was consecrated by PRINCIPAL CONSECRATOR His Beatitude, Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez with two co consecrators of ICAB. Lets look at the Principal and co consecrators of Archbishop Bell at the Patriarchal Church of Medalha Milagrosa, Brasilia. Brazil.
Patr
ia
rch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez was ordained a priest by special licence on Thursday, August 10, 1944 by Roman Catholic Bishop Valentín Comellas y Santamaría. He left the Roman Church and joined ICAB he was consecrated a sacred bishop on 3 May 1948 by Roman Catholic Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa and after his death he was elected as Patriarch of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (ICAB).Diocesan Bishop of Brasilia. Berazil.
iarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez was ordained a priest by special licence on Thursday, August 10, 1944 by Roman Catholic Bishop Valentín Comellas y Santamaría. He left the Roman Church and joined ICAB he was consecrated a sacred bishop on 3 May 1948 by Roman Catholic Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa and after his death he was elected as Patriarch of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (ICAB).Diocesan Bishop of Brasilia. Berazil.
Diocesan Bishop Olinto Ferreira Pinto Filho was ordained a priest by Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa on November 16, 1947 (See Photograph opposite). He was raised to the Catholic Episcopate on 1st May 1966 by Bishop Pedro dos Santos Silva who was consecrated also by Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa on 4 May 1956 as Coadjutor Bishop of Rio de Janerio. He is now the Diocesan Bishop of Rio de Janerio.
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Co adjutor Bishop Josivaldo Pereria de Oliveria was ordained a priest by Bishop Olinto Ferreira Pinto and he was raised to the Catholic Episcopate by Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez as Auxiliary Bishop of Rio de Janerio. Now Co adjutor Bishop of Rio de Janerio, Cardinal & President of ICAB in Brazil.DOM. is the honorific title given for bishops in Brazil.
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Q.You talk about doctrine and liturgy of the Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira in Brazil does this means we should have concerns about ICAB UK.
NO. ICAB UK adheres to the strict observance of the liturgy and rubrics. Upon our Archbishop Bell assisting His Beatitude; Patriarch Dom. Mendez he himself saw the Patriarch observed such simple; but important rules and implement the doxology.
It is within the new regime of ICAB that this is being lost. His Beatitude; Patriarch Mendez studied theology at the Gregorian University in Rome was a Roman Catholic Priest he was ordained by a Roman Catholic Bishop in Spain, Bishop Valentin Comillas e Santa Maria before being consecrated a bishop. He was taught by the former Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa. His Beatitude; Patriarch Mendez was of the old school and the teachings of and to ICAB UK priests and Bishops are strictly observed.
His Beatitude; Patriarch Mendez was the last of the surviving bishops directly consecrated by the Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa, who left the Roman Catholic Church by resigning in 1937 to Pope Pius XI, Patriarch Mendez was consecrated in 1948 and served 61 Years as a Roman Catholic Bishop Pre Vatican II .
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ROMAN CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION VATICAN I of ICAB -UK. Below is our Apostolic Succession, it consists of Catholic Cardinals, Popes of Rome & Patriarchs. It is a pure catholic unbroken line. This is the strongest lines outside the Roman Catholic Church Vatican II, brought to the Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira UK by its late Patriarch; His Beatitude; Patriarch Dom. Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez. Our Catholic Bishops outside of the Roman Catholic Church Vatican II are not only heralds, but custodians of the most ancient and a powerful continuous spiritual lineage that still exists in Apostolic Succession from Vatican I.  BELL David (1970 - current day ) Ordained a deacon & priest in February 2006 by a Roman Catholic bishop. Consecrated by  His Beatitude. Patriarch Dom. Luis  Fernando Castillo Mendez, Patriarch of Brazil and all ICAB Churches, Archbishop of Brasilia, 'Principal consecrator'. Co consecrators were Bishop Josivaldo Pereira, Coadjutor Bishop of Rio de Janeirio (Auxiliary Bishop Josivaldo was consecrated bishop by Patriarch Dom Castillo Mendez) and Bishop Olinto Ferreira Pinto Filho. Diocesan Bishop of Rio de Janerio , (Bishop Olinto Ferreira Pinto Filho was ordained priest on November 16, 1947 by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa & consecrated bishop on 1st May 1966 by Bishop Pedro dos Santos Silva, who was consecrated sacred bishop by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa). Archbishop Bell was appointed Secretary for Doctrine & Faith of Brazilian Patriarchate. appointed by H.B. Patriarch Castillo Mendez. He was also elevated as the first Brazilian Catholic Church Cardinal by His Beatitude, Patriarch Dom Mendez by signed & sealed decree and appointed as Titular Patriarch of UK.   FERNANDO CASTILLO -MENDEZ Luis (1922 -2009)Consecrated 3 May 1948 by Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa. Principal consecrator. Patriarch of Brazil and all Catholic Apostolic National Churches (ICAN's)(1961)"Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira" ICAB. Diocesan Bishop of Brasilia, Brazil. DUARTE COSTA Carlos (1888 - 1961) Consecrated 8 December 1924, Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu by Roman Catholic Cardinal Sebastiao Leme da Silveira Cintra,Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Bishop Alberto Jose Concalves & Bishop Benedito Alves de Souza. Bishop Duarte Costa resigned to the Roman Catholic Church to Pope Pius XI in 1937 as Bishop of Botucatu, he was appointed Titular Bishop of Maura. Founded Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (6 June 1945) took title of Archbishop of Rio de Janerio. Beatified 1970 as St Charles of Brazil,( http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bduco.html)  LEME da SILVEIRA CINTRA Sebastiao (1882 - 1942) Created Cardinal 30 VI 1930 in the title of SS. Bonifacio ed Alessio. Buried in the Shrine of the Eucharistic Heart of Jesus, Rio de Janeiro. Auxiliary Bishop of Sao Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro (1911) Archbishop of Sao Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro.(1930) Consecrated 24 June 1911 by Cardinal Joachino Arcoverde de Albuquerque-Cavalcanti, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Francisco do Rego Maia & Bishop Juan Nepomuceno Terrero y Escalada. ARCOVERDE de ALBUQUERQUE CAVALCANTI Joachino (1850 -1930) Created Cardinal 11 XII 1905 in the title of SS. Bonifacio ed Alessio. Buried in the Metropolitan Cathedral, Rio de Janeiro. Bishop of Goias (1891) Bishop of Sao Paulo (1894) Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro. (1897) Consecrated 26 October 1891 by Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Antônio de Macedo Costa, Archbishop of Sao Salvador & Cardinal Domenico Ferrata; Secretary of the Congregation of the Holy Office.4 Sep 1914 and later appointed Secretary of the Secretariat of State  RAMPOLLA del TINDARO Count Mariano (1824 - 1913) Created Cardinal 14 III 1887. Buried in Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome. His remains were transferred to the Basilica of S. Cecilia in Trastevere on the 19 June 1929. Archbishop of Heraclea. Secretary of State. Consecrated 8 December 1882 by Cardinal Edward Howard, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabrarrella and Bishop Guilio Lenti. HOWARD Edward (1829-1892) Created Cardinal 12 III 1877 in the title of S.S. Giovanni e Paolo. Buried in his family tomb in the Church of S. Philip, Arundel. Titular Archbishop of Neocaesarea I.P.I., Bishop of Frascati 1884. Archpriest of the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano {Saint Peter Basilica} . Consecrated 30 June 1872 by Cardinal Carlo Sacconi, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Salvator Nobili Vitelleschi and Archbishop Francis Xavier Frederick de Merode.SACCONI Carlo (1808 - 1889) Created Cardinal 27 IX 1861 in the title of S. Maria del Popolo. Prefect of the Congregation of Ceremonies. Buried in Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome, his remains were later transferred to his family tomb in Montalto. Bishop of Palestrina 1870, Bishop of Porto & S. Rufino 1878, Bishop of Ostia & Velletri 1884. Nuncio in France. Consecrated 8 June 1851 by Cardinal Giacomo Filippo Fransoni,Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Patriarch Joseph Valerga & Bishop Rudesindus Salvado. FRANSONI Giacomo Filippo (1775 - 1856) Created Cardinal 2 X 1826 in the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli. Buried in his Titular Church. Archbishop of Nazianzus I.P.I. Liguria. Nuncio in Portugal and Brazil. Consecrated 8 December 1822 by Cardinal Pietro Francesco Galleffi, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Falzacappa . Cardinal Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani. Prefect of the Congregation for Propagation of the Faith. GALLEFFI Pietro Francesco (1770-1837) Created Cardinal 11 VII 1803 in the title of S. Bartolomeo all’ Isola. Buried in his family tomb in the Church of Santissima Trinita dei Pellegrini e Convalescenti, Rome. Archbishop of Damascus 1819, Bishop of Albano 1820, Bishop of Porto, S. Rufino & Cittavechia 1830. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church 1824. Consecrated 12 September 1819 by Cardinal Alessandro Mattei, Principal consecrators. Co consecrators Bishop Gerald Macioti & Bishop Francis Albertini. Appointed as Archpriest of the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano (St Peters Basilica). MATTEI Alessandro(1744 - 1820) Created Cardinal In Petto 12 VII 1779 in the title of S. Balbina. Proclaimed 22 V 1782. Buried in his family Chapel in the Church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome. Archbishop of Ferrara, Bishop of Palestrina. Consecrated 23 February 1777 by Cardinal Bernardo Giraud, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Mark Anthony Conti and Bishop Joseph Mary Carafa. GIRAUD Bernardo(1721 -1782) Created Cardinal In Petto 17 VI 1771 in the title of S.S. Trinita al Monte Pincio. Proclaimed 19 IV 1773. Archbishop of Ferrara. Buried in his family tomb in the Church of S. Maria in Vallicella, Rome. Consecrated 26 April 1767 by His Holiness Pope Clement XIII. Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Scipio Borghese & Archbishop Ignatius Reali.  REZZONICO Carlo (1693 -1769) Created Cardinal IX 1758 In Petto in the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso. Proclaimed 2 X 1758 “Nepos” Buried in the Patriarchal Vatican Basilica. Bishop of Sabina 1773, Bishop of Porto & S. Rufino 1776. Elected Pope as Clement XIII 6 July 1758. Crowned 16 July 1758. Consecrated 19 March 1743 in the Basilica of the Holy Apostles, Rome, by His Holiness Pope Benedict XIV, Principal consecrator, Co consecrators Cardinal Giuseppe Accoramboni, Bishop of Frascati & Cardinal Antonio Saverio Gentili. LAMBERTINI Prospero (1675 -1758) Created Cardinal In Petto 9 XII 1726 in the title of S. Croce in Jerusalemme, Proclaimed 30 IV 1728. Buried in the Patriarchal Vatican Basilica. Bishop of Ancona, Archbishop of Bologna 1731. Elected Pope as Benedict XIV 17 August 1740. Crowned 22 August 1740. Consecrated 16 July 1724 in the Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Quirinal, Rome, by His Holiness Pope Benedict XIII, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Giovanni Francesco Nicolai, O.F.M.Ref., Titular Archbishop of Myra and Cardinal Nicola Maria Lercari, Titular Archbishop of Nazianzus. ORSINI Duke de GRAVINA Vincenzo Maria O.P.RUIJTER Albert (1649 -1730) Created Cardinal 22 II 1672 in the title of S. Sisto. Buried in the Church of S. Maria Sopra Minerva, Rome, in the Chapel of S. Domenico. A year later, his remains were transferred to the Patriarchal Vatican Basilica. Archbishop of Manfredonia 1675, Bishop of Cesena 1680, Archbishop of Benevento 1686, Bishop of Frascati 1701, Bishop of Porto 1715. Elected Pope as Benedict XIII, 29 May 1724. Crowned 4 June 1724. Consecrated 3 February 1675 in the Church of S.S. Domenico e Sisto, Rome, by Cardinal Paluzzo Paluzzi degli Albertoni Altieri, Principal consecrator & Prefect of the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide, Co consecrators Cardinal Stefano Brancaccio, Archbishop-Bishop of Viterbo e Tuscania and Costanzo Zani, O.S.B., Bishop of Imola PALUZZO Paluzzi degli ALBERTONI ALTIERI ( 1623- 1698) Created Cardinal In Petto 14 I 1664 Proclaimed 15 II 1666 Buried in the Church of S. Maria in Campitelli, Rome, in the Chapel of S. Giovanni Battista that he had built in that same church. Bishop of Sabina 1689, Bishop of Palestrina 1691 Bishop of Porto 1698. Consecrated 2 May 1666 in the Church of San Silvestro in Capite, Rome, by Cardinal Ulderico Carpegna, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Stefano Ugolini, Titular Archbishop of Corinth & Bishop Giovanni Tommaso Pinelli, Bishop of Albenga.CARPEGNA Ulderico (1595 - 1679) Created Cardinal 28 XI 1633 in the title of S. Anastasia. Buried in the Barberini Chapel of the Church of S. Andrea della Valle, Rome. Bishop of Gubbio, Bishop of Todi 1638, Bishop of Albano 1666, Bishop of Frascati 1671, Bishop of Porto 1675. Consecrated 7 October 1630 in the Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Quirinal, Rome, by Cardinal Luigi Gaetani, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Antonio Ricciulli, Bishop emeritus of Belcastro and Vicegerent of Rome & Bishop Benedetto Landi, Bishop of Fossombrone. GAETANI Luigi (1595- 1642) Created Cardinal 19 I 1626 in the title of S. Pudenziana. He died in his Roman Palace and was buried in his family’s Chapel in the Church of S. Pudenziana. Patriarch of Antioch, Archbishop of Capua. Consecrated 12 June 1622 in the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Archbishop of Bologna, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Archbishop Galeazzo Sanvitale, Archbishop emeritus of Bari & Archbishop Vulpiano Volpi, Archbishop emeritus of Chieti. LUDOVISI Ludovico (1595 -1632) Created Cardinal 15 II 1621 in the title of S. Maria in Traspontina. “Nepos” Buried in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Bologna. His remains were later transferred, according to his will, to the Church of S. Ignatio, Rome. Archbishop of Bologna, nephew of Pope Gregory XV. Consecrated 2 May 1621 in the private chapel of his consecrator, near Saint Peter’s Basilica, Rome, by Archbishop Galeazzo Sanvitale, Archbishop emeritus of Bari and Prefect of the Apostolic Palace, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Cardinal Cosmo de Torres, Titular Archbishop of Hadrianopolis & Cardinal Ottavio Ridolfi, Bishop of Ariano. SANVITALE Galeazzo Archbishop of Bari.(1566 -1622) Consecrated 4 April 1604 in the Chapel of the Apostolic Sacristy, Rome, by Cardinal Girolamo Bernier O.P., Bishop of Albano, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Bishop Claudio Rangoni, Bishop of Piacenza & Bishop Giovanni Ambrogio Caccia, Bishop of Castro di Toscana. BERNERIO Girolamo O.P.(1540 - 1611) Created Cardinal 16 XI 1586. Bishop of Ascoli, Bishop of Albano 1603, Bishop of Porto 1607. Consecrated 7 September 1586 in the Basilica of the Holy Apostles, Rome, by Cardinal Giulio Santorio, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Giulio Masetti, Bishop of Reggio Emilia & Cardinal Ottaviano Paravicini, Bishop of Alessandria. SANTORIO Giulio (1532-1602) - Created Cardinal 17 V 1570. Buried in the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome. Archbishop of Santa Severino, Bishop of Palestrina 1597. Consecrated 12 March 1566 in the Pauline Chapel of the Vatican Apostolic Palace by Cardinal Scipione Rebiba, Patriarch of Constantinople, Principal consecrator. Co consecrators Bishop Annibale Caracciolo, Bishop of Isola & Bishop Giacomo de Giacomelli, Bishop emeritus of Belcastro. REBIBA Scipione (1504 - 1577) Created Cardinal 20 XII 1555 in the title of S. Pudenziana. Titular Bishop of Amicle and Auxiliary Bishop of Chieti. Elected Titular Bishop of Amicle and Auxiliary to Gian Pietro Cardinal Carafa, Archbishop of Chieti, 16 March 1541.Bishop of Modena Archbishop of Pisa 1556, Patriarch of Constantinople 1565, Bishop of Albano 1573, Bishop of Sabina 1574.  CARAFA Pietro Gian (1476- 1559) Created Cardinal, Bishop of Chieti, consecrated in Rome by Oliviero Cardinal Carafa September 18 1506. Archbishop emeritus of Napoli, who was Elected Pope as Paul IV. When he was 80 years old. He is buried in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. in Rome.CARAFA Oliviero (1458- ??) Created Cardinal .Archbishop of Napoli, consecrated December 29th, 1458 at Torre del Greco by Leone de Simone. Bishop of Nola, assisted by Leone Cortese, Bishop of Acerra and Benedetto, Bishop of Dragonara SIMONE de Leone (?? -1469) Bishop of Nola Named March 23, 1442 died in July 1469 Marcellus II ( 9 April - 1 May 1555) Marcello Cervini was born in Montepulciano and was the legate of Paul III for various diplomatic missions. Created Cardinal in 1539 and was pontifical legate at the council of Trent and at the council of Bologna. He began the battle against corruption of the Curia. He was Pope for twenty -two days. He is buried at the Vatican Grotteos. Julius III (1550-55) Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, took the name of his predecessor Julius II. He reopened the council of Trent to take back up the discussion of ecclesiastical reform. He was forced to suspend the council due to pressure from Morris of Saxony‘s Protestant military troops, who threatened to occupy Trento. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Paul III (1534-49) After various attempts he managed in 1545 to call the council of Trent. The council closed with the reaffirmation of Catholic orthodoxy, marking the beginning of the counter reformation. He commissioned Michelangelo to do the fresco in Saint Peter’s of the ‘Last Judgement’ in the Sistine Chapel. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint Peter’s. Clement VII (1523-34) Giulio de Medici, the illegimate son of Giuliano de Medici. His relationship with Francesco I of France cost him sorely regarding his relationship with Emperor Charles V. Romans felt the consequences in 1527 with the terrible ‘Sack of Rome’ . He is buried in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome. Adrian VI (1522-23) Adrian of Utrecht was born in Holland. He enacted reform in the Church during his pontificate. He is buried in Rome in the Church of Santa Maria dell Anima. Leo X (1513-21) Giovanni de Medici was born in Florence. Created Cardinal at 14 years of age. Became Pope at 38 years of age. He issued a Papal Bull condemning and excommunicating the Lutherans, it arrived too late. He is buried in the Roman Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Julius II (1503-13) Born in Savona. Giuliano della Rovere was the nephew of Sixtus IV. He was one of the most eminent princes of time. In 1506 Julius II began the works to construct the new Basilica of Saint Peter. He also commissioned more work from Michelangelo. He called the 18th ecumenical council. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Pius III (22 September-18 October 1503) Franseco Todeschini Piccolomini of Siena. Nephew of Pius II. He assumed the name Pius II out of respect for his uncle. His pontificate was only days than years. He is buried in the Church of Saint Andrea della Valle in Rome. Alexander VI (1492-1503) Rodrigo Borgia born in Spain and the nephew of Callistus who helped his ecclesiastical career. He was a Renaissance prince. He already had four children before coming Pope. He is buried in the Church of Saint Mary of Monserrato in Rome. Innocent VIII (1484-92) Giovanni Battista Cibo, born in Genao. Created Cardinal at 13 years of age. He is buried in St Peter’s Basilica. Sixtus IV (1471-84) Born in Savona. Francesco della Rovere succeeded Paul II with the support of the Borgia. Orsini and Ganzaga cardinals. Active in politics as well as ecclesiastic areas. Declared the solemnity of the Holiday of the Immaculate Conception and also Saint Joseph. His name is tied to the Sistine Chapel. He is buried at Saint Peter’s Basilica. Paul II (1464-71) Born in Venice. Pietro Barbo his uncle was Eugene IV who ordained him cardinal at a very young age. In Rome he lived in Saint Mark’s Palace which he had built. In 1470, with a papal bull he established that the Jubilee would be celebrated every 25 years with the power of a Jubilee pardon. He is buried in Saint Andrea della Valle in Rome. Pius II (1458-64) Born in a small town near Siena. Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini. Created Cardinal in 1456 and gained influence during the pontificate of Nicholas V and Callistus III, who he succeeded as pontiff. He is buried in Saint Andrea della Valle in Rome. Callistus III (1445-58) Alonso Borgia. Born in Spain. Once elected as pope, Callistus III involved himself in the war against against the Turks. Created Cardinal his nephew Rodrigo Borgia. His nephew became Alexander VI. He is buried in the Spanish Church in Rome, Saint Mary of Monserrato. Nicholas V (1447-55) Tommaso Parentucelli. 1449 the council of Basle came to an end. During his pontificate the Roman empire of the East came to an end with the conquest of Constantinople by Mohammed II. He is buries in the Vatican Grottoes. Eugene IV (1431-47) Gabriel Condulmer, born in Venice. Nephew of Gregory XII. Pontificate was difficult due to the council of Basle. Which he called in 1431.The members of the council of Basle ruled over supremacy of the Pope They deposed him and elected Pope Amadeus VIII Duke of Savoy with the name Felix V, who was the last antipope in history. He is buried in Lateran. Martin V (1417-31) Odo Colonna. Pontifical throne hosted a Roman again after 130 years. Elected in 1417 during the 41st Session of the council of Constance. He worked for the pacification of the Church state without forgetting papal supremacy. Gregory XII (1406-15) Angelo Corrario. Born in Venice. Once elected as pontiff he did not maintain the promise that he, antipope Benedict XIII and thirteen cardinals would all step down, in the interest of resolving the conflicts of schism. Due to the death of Alexander, the council elected Pope John XXIII it was a crucial time for the church having three popes resigning simultaneously. He is buried in the Duomo of Recanati. Innocent VII (1406-06) Cosimo Gentile de Migliorati. Born in Sulmona. Elected Pope in Rome. He excommunicated Ladislao of Naples. He reorganised the University of Rome adding additional field of study. Turmoil in Rome caused him to move the Papal throne Viterbo. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Boniface IX (1389-1404) Pietro Tomacelli. Elected by 14 cardinals who gathered in Rome. He founded the University of Ferrara. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Urban VI (1378-89) Bartolomeo Prignano. Born in Naples. A group of dissident cardinals elected an antipope, Cardinal Robert of Geneva who took the name of Clement VII and established himself in Avignon. This was the beginning of the Great western schism which lasted nearly 40 years. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Gregory XI (1370-78) Pierre Roger de Beaufort. Born in France in Maumont. He tried to return the papal throne from the beginning of his pontificate. This was not possible due to the international climate and internal conflicts that lacerated Italy. Finally even St Catherine of Siena, in 1377 asked for his help. He is buried in the Church of Saint Francesca Romana. Blessed. Urban V (1362-70) Guillaume de Grimoard. Born in a noble French family. He was a Benedictine monk. In his desire to return the papal throne to Rome, he was helped by Cardinal Legate Albormoz. He was declared Blessed in 1870. He is buried in the Church of Saint Victor in Marseilles. Innocent VI (1352-62) Etienne Aubert. Born in France and resided in Avignon. He decided to return the pontifical sovereignty to Italy. He sent Cola of Rienzo and Cardinal Albomoz, who was his vicar. The cardinal accomplished his mission. Rienzo was killed by the Roman people. He is buried in the Carthusian monastery of Villeneuve-les-Avignon. Clement VI (1342-52) Pierre Roger. Benedictine monk and a Frenchman. He brought the pomp with him that he learnt at the court of the King of France, to the pontifical throne. He brought the city of Avignon from Queen Joanna I of Naples in 1348. He is buried in the monastery of La Chaise-Dieu, in Haute-Loire. Benedict XII (1334-42) Jacques Fournier. Born in France. Pal residence was in Avignon. He is buried in the Cathedral of Avignon. John XXII (1316-34) Jacques Duese. Born in France in Cahors. Succeeded Clement V after two years without a pontiff. Papal throne was in Avignon. Nicholas V asked for a pardon and accepted the Popes authority. He is buried in the Cathedral of Avignon. Clement V (1305-14) Bertrand de Gott. Born in France. Elected Pope with a compromise between the Italian cardinals and Philip the Fair. Clement V always felt the strong decisive influence of the French King. On the wishes of Philip, in 1309, he transferred the papal seat from Rome to Avignon. Suppressed the Order of the Templar’s. He is buried in France in Uzeste. Blessed. Benedict XI (1303-04) Nicholas of Boccasini. Born in Treviso, he was a Dominican. He was declared Blessed in 1783. He is buried in Perugia in the Church of San Domenico. Boniface VIII (1294-1303) Benedict Caetani, of noble Roman origins. An authoritarian Pope. Strong believer in supremacy of the Church. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Celestine V (5 July-13 December 1294) Pietro del Murrone. Born in Isemia. He created a community of Benedictine hermits. He left the church and decided to renounce the throne, possibly due to pressure from Cardinal Caetani. Who late became Boniface VIII. He is buried in the Church of Collemaggio in Aquila. Nicholas IV (1288-92) Girolamo Masci. Born in Disciano d’Ascoli. The first Franciscan Pope. He was given in Rome the title of Senator for life. He was forced to leave Rome for various upheavals. He crowned Charles II d’Anjou as King of Sicily in 1289. He is buried in Saint Mary Major Honorius IV (1285-87) Giacomo Savelli. Born in Rome. Elected as Pope within four days of conclave. Tried to settle difference between Christian brotherhood. He gave the final approval for the order of the Carmelites. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint Mary in Aracoelis. Martin IV (1281-85) Simon de Brie. Born in France elected Pope. He was not liked in Rome. Accused of abuse of his power of spiritual sanctions. Dante placed him in ‘Purgatori’ among the greedy. He is buried in the Cathedral of Perugia. Nicholas III (1277-80) Giovanni Caetani Orsini. Born in Rome. Elected Pope after the conclave was in session for six months. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. John XXI (1276-77) Pietro di Giuliano. Born in Lisbon. He was a famous doctor, but not a real expert in political & religious affairs. He died in a room that he was staying that crumbled upon him. He is buried in the Cathedral of Saint Laurence in Viterbo. Adrian V (July-August 1276) Ottobono Fieschi. Born in Genoa. He died one month after his election, even before he had officially been crowned as Pope. He is buried in Viterbo in the Church of Saint Francis. Blessed. Innocent V (January-June 1276) Peter of Tarantasio. French of the Savoy family. He began to organise the crusade. The people venerated him as a Saint and then Leo XIII proclaimed him Blessed. He is buried in Lateran. Blessed. Gregory X (1271-76) Tebaldo Visconti. Born in Piacenza. Elected Pope after the longest conclave in history, Three years. He was a layman. He was first ordained priest and crowned pontiff the next year. He called the council at Lions in 1274. He was declared Blessed by Clement XI in 1713. He is buried in the Duomo of Arezzo. Clement IV (1265-68) Guy Foulques. Born in France. Secretary of Louis IX. Took orders on the death of his wife. He is buried in the Dominican Church in Viterbo. Urban IV (1261-64) Jacques Pantaleon, Patriarch of Jerusalem. He is buried in the Cathedral of Deruta (Perugia) Alexander IV (1254-61) Born in Anagni. Renaldo of the counts of Segni, nephew of Gregory IX. He favoured the monastic orders. When Rome became unsafe for him, he left and went to Viterbo. He died there and was buried in the Duomo. Innocent IV (1243-54) Sinibaldo de Fieschi. Born in Genova. Elected pope after twenty one months of the pontifical throne remaining empty because of hostility created over the conclave of Frederick II. He affirmed dominance of the papacy. Due to the battle between the Emperor & the Pope, the pontiff had to leave Rome and was only able to return after 1250. He is buried in the Cathedral of San Gennaro in Naples. Celestine IV (28 October- 10 November 1241) Godfrey Castiglioni. Born in Milan. Elected Pope by a conclave of only 10 cardinals. He approved the order of the Dominicans & Franciscans. He died seven days after his election without ever having received the papal triple reign. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Blessed Gregory IX (1227-1241) Ugolino de Conti, Count of Segni. Cardinal in 1198. Bishop of Ostia. Friends with Saint Francis. He ordained the order of the Clarisse. He excommunicated Frederick II. He is buried in the Vatican. Honorius III (1216-1227) Cencius Savelli. Born in Rome. He called the fifth crusade. In 1220 he crowned Frederick II as Emperor. He is buried in Saint Mary Major. Innocent III (1198-1216) Lothair of the Counts of Segni. Elected Pope at 38 Years of age. He called the fourth Lateran council. The fourth crusade was order to try and solve the schism of the East. He is buried in Lateran. Celestine III (1191-98) Hyacinth Bobo. Born in Rome. Diplomat. Elected Pope at 85 years of age. He crowned Henry VI as Emperor. He was in favour of the Templars. He was the first Pope to spend his pontificate in Rome. Clement III (1187-91) Paul Scolari. Cardinal & Bishop of Palestrina. He began the third crusade. Clement III died in Rome. He is buried in Lateran. Gregory VIII (25 October 1187 - 17 December 1187) Alberto de Mora. Professor of Canonical law. Opposed the Saracens. Died 57 days after his election. He is buried in the Cathedral in Pisa. Urban III (1185-1187) Humbert Crivelli. Born in Milan. Made Pope during conclave in Verona. He died in 1187 from pain of the news that the Saracens had occupied Jerusalem. He is buried in the Cathedral of Ferrara. Lucius III (1181-1185) Ubaldus Allucingolus of Lucca. He is buried in the Cathedral in Verona. Alexander III (1159-1181) Roland Bandinelli of Siena was a famous theologian. Accepted the Venetian peace treaty. He called the third Lateran council. He defends the rights of the Church. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint John in Lateran. Adrian IV (1154-1159) Nicholas Breakspear. Born in London. England. The only ever English Pope. He crowned Frederick Barbarossa as Emperor in Saint Peter’s. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint Peter’s. Anastasius IV (1153-1154) Conrad Suburra. He confirmed the order of the Cavaliers of Malta and restored the Pantheon. He is buried in Saint John in Lateran. Blessed. Eugene III (1145-1153) Bernard Paganelli of Pisa. Cisterian Abbott. Elected Pope during great turmoil filled with autonomous movements, and for this he was forced to leave Rome. He brought around the second crusade. He managed to return to Rome. Pius IX declared him blessed in 1872. He is buried in Saint John in Lateran. Lucius II (1144-1145) Gerard Caccianemici. Born in Bologna. He was hit by a rock and died a few days later. He is buried in Lateran. Celestine II (1143-1144) Guido de Castellisi. He alleviated the warring status between Scotland and England. He was Pope for four months. He is buried in Lateran. So called ‘Prophecies of Saint Malachi’ of the Archbishop of Armagh in Ireland. Innocent II (1130-1143) Gregory Papereschi. Created Cardinal. Born in Rome. He called the second Lateran council which brought an end to schism in 1139. He is buried in the Roman Church of Saint Mary in Trastevere. Honorius II (1124-1130) Lambert Scannabecchi. Born in Bologna. Was one of the negotiators of the Concorde of Worms. Elected Pope by the Frangipane faction, and was favoured by the Emperor. He approved the templer Order. He died in the monastery of Saint Gregory al Celio. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint John in Lateran. Callistus II (1119-1124) Guido of Burgundy. Papal legate and Bishop of Viena. Elected Pope 1119, he excommunicated Henry V. In 1123 he called the first Lateran council in which 25 canons was sanctioned. He is buried in Saint John in Lateran. Gelasius II (1118-1119) Giovanni Caetani. Born in Gaeta. A Benedictine monk. Election was in secret at the Palatine. As soon as the conclave had finished he was arrested by Cencius Frangipane. Galasius excommunicated the Emperor and returned to Rome the moment he left. He was forced to leave by the Frangipane troops. He fled to Cluny where he died and is buried. Paschal II (1099-1118) Monk Rainerus of Blera. Born in Ravenna. Elected Pope against three antipope antagonists: Theodore, Albert and Sylvester IV. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint John in Lateran. Blessed. Urban II (1088-1099) Odo of Lagery of noble origins. Expert in canonical law. He was able to reinforce the authority of the pontificate over the bishops; he was able to return to Rome in 1094. He tried to free the holy land from the Turks. He died in 1099 a few days after Jerusalem was taken. Since 1881 he has been venerated as Blessed. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Blessed. Victor III (1086-1087) From the family of the Lombard Dukes of Benevento. Abbot of Montecassino. He excommunicated Henry IV once again. Excommunicated antipope Clement III during the synod of Benevento. He was declared Blessed in 1887 by Leo XIII. St. Gregory VII (1073-1085) Hildebrand of Soana. Made Saint by Paul V in 1606. He is buried in the church of Saint Matthew in Salerno. Alexander II (1061-1073) Anselm of Baggio. Born of a noble family. He dedicated himself to religious activities and renewed the decrees against clergy practising simony. He died in the Vatican Grottoes. Nicholas II (1058-61) Gerard of burgundy. Born in Bourgogne.. Bishop of Florence when he was elected as Pope in opposition to antipope Benedict X. He died in Florence and is buried in Duomo. Stephen IX (X)(1057-58) Frederick of Lorraine. Brother of Duke Goffredo. Chancellor of the pontifical court. Friends with Saint Peter Damian & Cardinal Hildebrand, who later became Pope Gregory VII. He died a few months later after his pontificate. He is buried in Florence in Duomo. Victor II (1055-57) Gebhard of the family of the counts of Tollenstein-Hirschberg. Born in Bavaria. Elected one year after Leo IX, supported by Emperor Henry III. He died in the city of Arezzo during 1057. He is buried in the Church of Saint Mary in Cosmedin. St. Leo IX (1049-54) Brunone. Born to an Alsatian noble family. He was elected by the clergy and the Roman people in free elections. He lost the battle against the Normans. Three months after his death in 1054, the definitive schism between the Greek and the Latin Church took place. He is buried in St Peter’s Basilica in the left transept. Damasus II (July-August 1048) Poppone. Born in Bavaria. Bishop of Brixen. Elected Pope in July 1048. Damasus II died of malaria in Palestrina just 24 hours after his election. Buried in Rome in the Basilica of Saint Lorenzo, Outside the Walls. Clement II (1046-47) Henry III chosen a new Saxon Pope, Bishop of Bamberg named Suidjer, who took the name Clement II. He led the bishops of Milan, Ravenna and the Patriarch of Ravenna in order to resolve the differences. Benedict IX in 1046 was judged by Henry III as absentia for not being present hence the new pope chosen. Gregory VI (1045-46) Giovanni Graziano. He also was considered an antipope, because of the deposing of Benedict IX is questionable, because there was an exchange of money for an ecclesiastical position of great power. Henry III called the council of Sutri in 1046, deposing Sylvester III and Gregory VI recognising them as simony. Gregory VI was forced to abdicated. He exiled to France to the abbey of Cluny, where he died. Benedict IX (April 1032-May 1048) Elected pope as a very young man. Benedict was supported by a family of Counts of Tusculum. He was Benedict VIII brother. He excommunicated Heribert the Archbishop of Milan by order of Conrad II. In 1044 Benedict IX was forced to flee the power of the antagonistic Crescenzi family who replaced him with Sylvester III. He was on and off of the papal throne three times over a period of eight months. He retired to a monastery in Grottaferrata where he died. John XIX (1024-1032) Romano a descendent from the family of counts of Tusculum. He was Benedict VIII’s Brother. He was a Senator. Henry II died in Germany; Conrad II ’the Salian’ was elected King in 1024. In Saint Peter’s John XIX crowned him as Emperor. John XIX protected Guido d’Arezzo the Benedictine monk. He died in 1032 and is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Benedict VIII (1012-24) Theophylactus, from the family of counts of Tusculum. Was elected Benedict VIII against the candidate of the antagonistic Crescenzi family who countered with antipope Gregory. He pushed back the Saracens who arrived in Tuscany, he also blocked the Greek advancement in the South. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Sergius IV (1009-1012) Peter, Born in Rome. Bishop of Albano. Consecrated Pope with the support of the Crescenzi family. Sergius IV began promoting the crusades. He wrote that all Christians should seek to vindicate themselves; his call to arms was in vain. He is buried in the Basilica of St John in Lateran. John XVIII (1004-1009) Elected at the request of the Crescenzi family, who strongly influenced his decisions. He favoured missionary works during his reign and relations with the Eastern Church were serene. In 1004, Henry II of Bavaria came to Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Verona by the Archbishop of Milan. John Conceded various benefits to Benedictine monasteries that same order that he belonged to before he became Pope. He died in July 1009 while he was at the Abbey of Saint Paul’s. John XVII (June-December 1003) John XVII was of a noble Sicconi family. He died a short six months after his election. He is buried in Rome in the Basilica of Saint John in Lateran. Sylvester II (999-1003) Gerbert of Aurillac. Born in France of humble origins. 1003 Pope Sylvester II died. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint John in Lateran. Gregory V (996-999) Bruno of Carinthia, Chaplain of Emperor Otto II’s court. Gregory V was forced to leave Rome and was substituted by antipope John XVI. The premature death of Gregory in 999 was a suspected homicide. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. John XV (985-996) Roman by Birth. He became Pope by choice of the imperial faction. The Crescenzi family grew more powerful and stringer. John XV tried to free himself of their influence by granting many titles to family and friends, which angered the nobility and clergy. He was forced to escape and to ask help from Otto III. Before John XV could crown Otto II emperor he died and is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. John XIV (983-84) Otto Ii designated that his own Chancellor Pietro di Campanova would become Pope, by the name John XIV. Otto Ii died at 28 years of age. John XIV reign was short because Constantinople reinstated antipope Boniface VII. John VIV was killed by poisoning. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Benedict VII (974-983) After the death of Benedict VII it was the counts of Tusculum of the imperial line who established order in Rome. Bishop of Sutri was to take the papal throne. He was of the Tusculum counts family. In 981 he invoked the Lateran council. He is buried in the Roman Basilica of Holy Cross in Jerusalem. Benedict VI (973-974) Roman born. He served a time in prison by the Crescenzi family and a second time by a French deacon who declared himself pope with the name Boniface VII. One month later Benedict was strangled while imprisoned in Castel Sant’Angelo. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. John XIII (965-972) Bishop of Narni. Born in Rome. He was forced to escape and ask refuge from Count Pandolfo of Capua in 965. He returned to Rome 1 year later bringing Otto I who remained for years to protect him. He is buried in Saint Paul’s Outside the Walls. Benedict V (May 964 -June 966) He was a Cardinal -deacon. Born in Rome. Elected Pope by the clergy and Roman people on the death of John XII. Emperor Otto I elected Leo VIII and did not ratify Benedict’s election. Otto called the Vatican Council, presided over Leo VIII which accused Benedict V. he was reduced to deacon and condemned to exile in Germany. His remains was brought to Rome and are kept in the Vatican Grottoes. Leo VIII (963-965) Considered as antipope. Leo VIII was elected by Emperor Otto I. Otto I had deposed John XII. After Otto left. John XII retook the throne back and Leo VIII had to escape to Camerino. On the death of John XII, Pope Benedict V was elected by the Roman people. Otto did not recognise him. Leo VIII was confirmed as Pope by Otto. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. John XII (955-964) Octavian, Alberico’s son, was elected Pope at a young age. Born in Rome. John XII took advantage of Otto’s absence and he returned to Rome punishing his enemies and antipope Leo. He is buried in Saint John in Lateran. Agapetus II (946-955) Born in Rome. He is buried in Saint John in Lateran. Marinus II (942-946) A Roman Pope. He is recognised for his spiritual attributes in the Church. He is buried in Saint Peter’s in the Vatican Grottoes. Stephen VII (939-942) Roman priest and titular of Saint Martino ai Monti. He worked to persuade the French barons to recognise Ludwig IV as their Sovereign King, by threatening to excommunicate them if they did not. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint Peter’s In the Vatican Grottoes. Leo VII (936-939) Benedictine monk. Born in Rome he was hand picked by Alberico II. Under Leo’s pontificate. Alberto II reconciled with King Hugo of Italy. His remains are in the St Peter’s Basilica. John XI (931-935) Elected Pope at 20 years of age. John was sent TO PRISON BY Alderico. He is buried in Saint John in Lateran. Stephen VII (VIII) (928-931) He gave great privileges to monasteries. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes at St Peter’s Basilica. Leo VI (May-December 928) Pontiffs following John X were backed by Marozia, the daughter of Theodora. She dominated the temporal power of Rome and was referred to as ‘senatrix e patricia’. He was born in Rome. He fought against the Saracens and the ferocious Hungarians. He is buried in Saint Peter’s in the Vatican Grottoes. John X (914-928) Born in the Imola province in 860. Elected Pope in 914. He is responsible for resolving the schism between the Eastern and the Roman Church. He crowned Berenger as Emperor in 915. He was killed / suffocated in 928. He is buried in Saint John in Lateran. Lando (913-914) Originally from the Sabine region. Pope only for a few months from July 913 until February 914. There are no records of his life before becoming Pope. It is assumed that he died a violent death. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican Grottoes. Anastasius III (911-913) During his pontificate, a large number of Normans located in the northern region of France converted to Christianity. He died by poisoning. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican Grottoes. Sergius III (904-911) Born in Rome. He was elected in 898, backed by the Duke of Spoleto’s faction, in opposition of Pope John IX. The latter excommunicated him and condemned him to exile. He was re-elected again in 904 as pontiff elect and returned to Rome.. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Leo V (July-December 903) From the Latium region. He was a Benedictine Cardinal. Even though he did not belong to the Roman clergy. The chaplain Christopher, priest of San Damaso Church in Rome, imprisoned him and took advantage of his extreme weak nature. Christopher was considered antipope until a few months later when he was taken prisoner and died violently in prison. Leo V retired to a monastery where he lived until his assassination, which might have had been ordered by Sergius, who became the next Pope. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Benedict IV (900-903) Roman born. In 901, he crowned Ludwig of Burgundy, King in Pavia, chosen by the Italian people, as Emperor. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. John IX (898-900) Born in Tivoli. A Benedictine monk, sustained by the Formosa faction. He exiled & excommunicated the cardinals who had been accomplices of Stephen VI against Formosus, including Sergius. He sanctioned that the Roman episcopate and clergy elect the pope. He confirmed Spoleto as Emperor, He died months later. He recognised the Greek Church especially Patriarch’s Ignatius, and Fozio as being legitimate. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Theodore II (November-December 897) Born in Rome. Pope for Twenty one days. Assassinated in 897. He overturned all of the decrees and rulings of the council known as ‘cadaver co’ held by Stephen VI.. He also reinstated all of the bishops and clergyman that had been exiled. He is buried in Saint Peter’s in the Vatican Grottoes. Romanus (August-November 897) Born in Gallese in the Latium region and brother of Pope Marinus I (882-884), elected Pope by partisan sustainers of Formosus. He was poisoned. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Stephen VII (VIII) (896-97) Roman. He was elected Pope by sustainers of Duke Lambert of Spoleto as was Boniface VI. He was arrested by the people and put in prison, he was later strangled. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Boniface VI (April 896) Born in Rome. Elected Pope by Emperor Lambert of Spoleto’s feudal sustainers. The pontifical throne was at the mercy of large fiefs in central Italy, in particular of Duke Guido of Spoleto, born of Roman nobility. Boniface VI pontificate lasted fifteen days. He is buried in Saint Peter’s in the Vatican Grottoes. He has the shortest pontifical reign in history. Formosus (891-96) Born in Ostia, Rome. Created Cardinal in 864. Excommunicated by Pope John VIII, late declared innocent by Marinus I, finally became Pope in 891. Formosus cadaver was thrown in to the Tiber. A monk recovered his body. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Stephen V (VI) (885-891) Holy Roman Empire became divided, due to failing power of the Carolingian dynasty. Three states were born from its remains, France, Italy & Germany. St. Adrian III (884-885) Born in Rome. He refused to give in to Emperor Basilius of the East, who pressured for the annulment of Fozio’s excommunication. Adrian established that, imperial confirmation was unnecessary to consecrate a Pope. He died on route to participate in the diet of worms. He is buried in the Abbey of Nonantolo near Modena. He was finally sainted in June 1891. Marinus I (882-884) Of English origin, First Bishop to ever become Pope. Marinus suffered terribly in 883 when Arab forces destroyed the monastery of Montecassino. He was Pope for one and a half years. He died of poisoning. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. John VIII (872-882) Roman, he was elected contrary to the rules, Pope on the same day that his predecessor died. The fall of Carleman in Italy and the death of Charles the bald pushed John VIII to flee to France. He eventually returned to Italy and allied against the Saracens with Carlos the Fat. The Pope settled with the Byzantines. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Adrian II (867-872) Born in Rome. Related to Pope Sergius II, he had been married as a young man and had two daughters. Elected Pope in his eighties after he had already refused the papal crown twice. He called the fourth ecumenical council of Constantinople. Adrian united with the Roman Church in Moravia, welcoming the apostles Cyrillus and Methodius in Rome. He elected Methodius as Archbishop of Pannoni. He died exactly five years after his election. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Nicholas I (the Great) (858-867) He assumed absolute role of the monarch including many changes regarding the Church of Rome. He reinforced the temporal power of the Church and the primacy of the Pope over all churches. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Benedict III (855-858) Born in Rome. Elected against antipope Anastasius III. He was Pope for little over two years. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Leo IV (847-855) Appointed Pope. He is buried in the Colonna Chapel in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Sergius II (844-847) At the time of his election he was in opposition with Deacon John, who was supported by the people. He took the seat of papal throne without asking for imperial confirmation. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Gregory IV (827-844) Born in Rome, to a noble family, he was Cardinal of Saint Mark’s. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Valentine (August-September 827) Roman born, he was deacon and Archdeacon under Paschal I. His pontificate lasted just over one month. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Eugene II (824-827) Roman born, elected in a moment of turmoil, because Cardinal Zinzinio hoped to become Pope and opposed Euguene’s nomination.. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Paschal I (817-824) Roman monk. Elected Pope the day after St Stephen’s death to avoid any medling. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Stephen IV (V) (816-817) Born to a noble family, he was elected by the people and then moved to Saint Peter’s without waiting for authorization from the new French Emperor Ludwig the Pious. He crowned Ludwig as Emperor. He lived seven months from his election. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Leo III (795-816) Roman Pope elected two days after the death of his predecessor was threatened and taken prisoner by Adrian I. freed by the Roman people, he took refuge in France. He eventually took office in Saint Peter’s. He is buried in Saint Peter’s. Adrian I (772-795) Born to the Royal Roman family Colonna, he broke away from King Desiderius. He turned to the French King Charlemagne against Desiderius, The Pontifical State referred to as ‘Patrimony of Saint Peter’. Adrian I nominated Charlemagne as ‘Patriacian of Rome‘. He is buried in the Vatican. Stephen III (IV) (768-772) Born in Sicily. Elected Pope during great turmoil between rival factions that both wanted to elect their own representatives: one lay, Constantine II and his priest, Fillip, who returned to the monastery as soon as he was elected. Stephen called a council stating that one could not be elected a Pope if he had not first been elected a Cardinal. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Paul I (757-767) Brother of Pope Stephen II and Roman by birth. He was elected pope when his brother was too ill too rule, in opposition of Archdeacon Theophylactus, who was backed by a separate party. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Stephen II (III) (752-757) Roman by birth. He was elected after a brief reign of another candidate with his same name, 'per Saltum', but he was appointed the successor by the previous pontiff. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Zachary (741-752) Born in Greece. This Pope for the first time ever was to give the placet to an Emperor. He is buried in the Vatican. St. Gregory III (731-741) Of Syrian origin. As soon as he was elected Pope, he called a council of Saint Peter’s to condemn iconolatry and excommunicate its followers. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Gregory II (715-731) He confirmed the autonomy of the Roman Church in light of Longobard expansionism and the iconoclast politics of the Eastern Emperor. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Constantine (708-715) Born in Syria. He had good relationship with Emperor Justinian II, who confirmed the privileges concede to the church and pushed the Bishop Ravenna who was independent from Rome. There was a rebellion against Philipicus, who was dethroned by Anastasius II. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Sisinnius (15 January-4 February 708) Originally from Syria. He was already very ill when he was elected Pope. He died twenty one days after his election, making his pontificate very short. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. John VII (705-707) Of Greek origin, elected a short time after his predecessor. John VII favoured the building of monasteries. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoe. John VI (701-705) Of Greek origin. He had strained relations with the Emperor of the East, Justinian II, who tried to influence papal decisions. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Sergius I (687-701) Syrian Origin. He pontificate lasted 14 years. When he was elected two antipopes had been elected: Archdeacon Paschal and Archpriest Theodore, but the discord did not last for long. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Conon (686-687) Originally from Tracia. He was ill at the time of his election, perhaps one of the reasons he was elected. He is buried in St Peter’s Basilica. John V (685-686) Born in Syria. He was chosen by the Emperor. He had served prior as legate to Pope Agatho at the sixth ecumenical council in Constantinople. He regulated nominations for Sardinian bishops. He is buried in St Peter’s Basilica. St. Benedict II (684-685) Born in Rome to a wealthy Savelli family. There was a long wait before he received imperial confirmation.. He is buried in St Peter’s in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Leo II (682-683) Born in Catania. He had a long wait after election as Pope from the Emperor.. He is buried in St Peter’s under the altar of the chapel of the Madonna of the Colonna. St. Agatho (678-681) Born in Palermo. Elected Pope some two months after Donus. He worked to reconcile the dissidence between the Byzantium and Rome. He called a synod to prepare for the sixth ecumenical council. It opened in Constantinople on November 680 with the Emperor presiding. There were delegations from East and West. He approved the doctrine of the dual nature of the will of Christ. The council condemned Honorius I. He died at the age of 107! He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Donus (676-678) Born in Rome. During his pontificate the schism between Ravenna and Rome that had protracted throughout the reign of Vitalian finally halted. The Emperor himself proposed to hold a conference between the bishops to resolve the divergences between the Church of the East and the West. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Adeodatus (II) (672-676) Roman born and a Benedictine monk. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Vitalian (657-672) During his reign as Pope. Longboards definitely converted to Christianity. However, the Emperor ordered the sacking of Rome. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Eugene I (654-657) Roman born son of Rufino, he was consecrated Pope by Emperor Constance II when Pope Martin I was on his way to prison in Constantinople. The papal seat was therefore not vacant. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Martin I (649-655) Originally from Todi in Umbria. Consecrated Pope without the consensus of Emperor Constance II. He fought against the Monothelist heresy for the reaffirmation of Orthodoxy. Emperor Constance II sent the Exarch Olympus to Rome to arrest martin. The mission failed, but the second time around he was taken prisoner. He was exiled to Chersonese and deposed. He is buried in the Church of San Martino ai Monti. Theodore I (642-649) Of Greek origin. Elected Pope one month after the death of John IV. He is buried in St Peter’s Basilica. John IV (640-642) Dalmatian origin. Consecrated Pope four months after the death of his predecessor. He condemned monothelism and thus the Patriarch of Constantinople. He died October 12, 642. Severinus (May-August 640) His election as Pope was confirmed and recognised some twenty months later by Emperor Eraclius. He died two months after being Pope. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Honorius I (625-638) Born of a noble family of the Campania Region, he was elected by the people and the clergy with great expectations. At the third council of Constantinople, he was condemned; he was accused of not making every effort of defending the Catholic Church. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Boniface V (619-625) Neapolitan origin. Pope of Rome and he gained imperial recognition one year later. He established right of asylum in Churches, no one could be hunted if the sought sanctuary their. He did much to spread Christianity throughout England. Importance is that Mohammed moved from Mecca to Medina, an event signified the beginning of the Muslim era. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Deusdedit or (Adeodatus I) (615-618) Born in Rome. Elected as Pope five months after Boniface IV death. The aversion towards Byzantium authority provoked a rebellion in Ravenna, Naples and Rome. He was the first to use the pontifical seal to close papal bulls and decrees. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Boniface IV (608-615) Benedictine monk. Elected Pope ten months after the death of his predecessor. His body rests in the transept of Saint Peter’s Basilica. Boniface III (February-November 607) Born in Rome of Greek origin. Elected one year after the death of Sabinian, a short lived pontificate. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Sabinian (604-606) Born in Blera. Elected Pope September 13. 604. He died a violent death in 606. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. Gregory I (the Great) (590-604) Descendant of a Roman noble family. H e served as prefect of Rome. Elected Pope, without the help of Byzantium, he negotiated with Agilulfo at the gates of Rome and persuaded him to spare the city. He protected the Jewish people. He is buried in the Clementine Chapel in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Pelagius II (579-590) Roman born of Gothic origin. He was consecrated Pope without imperial approval during the siege of Longobards in Rome. Before his death he witnessed the destruction of Montecassino monastery. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Benedict I (575-579) Born in Rome. Elected pope nearly one year after the death of John III, with the Longobards camped outside the gates of Rome, interrupting all communication with Constantinople. He fought to bring order back top the city of Rome during his reign. He confirmed the fifth council of Constantinople. He is buried in the sacristy of Saint Peter’s Basilica. John III (561-574) Elected as Pope during the Longobard invasion, he had to wait for imperial recognition before being crowned. The sacking invaders were ruthless, in particular towards the bishops and the clergy. He brought to bay the difficulties between the Churches of Ravenna and Milan, which was still diffident over the change of policy of Pelagius I. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. Pelagius I (556-561) He substituted Vigilius with success during his forced absence from Rome. One year after the death of his predecessor, he was elected with the support of Justinian. He revoked previous decisions, underwriting the condemnation of Eutiche, and accepting the thesis of the council of Constantinople (6/2/553) favourable to Nestorian heresy, these changes cost him the approval of the Romans and the support of his works on behalf of the military Byzantine government of Nareste, he is buried in St Peter’s Basilica. Vigilius (537-555) Born to a Roman noble family, he won the papal throne thanks to Empress Theodora of Byzantium, after the death of Silverius. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Silverius (536-537) Elected Pope with the support of Gothic King Theodatus, who intended to use his influence against the court of Byzantium. Son of Pope Ormsida, his pontificate was during the time in which Justinian’s Byzantine troops, guided by Commander Belisarius, kicked the Goths out of Italy. Silverius was accused of plotting with the Goths who attacked Rome, so he was exiled to the island of Pona where he died. He was buried on the island. St. Agapetus I (535-536) Born in Rome to the Anicia family, he was elected Pope May 13, 535, he condemned the tradition of the time allowing the Pope to choose his successor. He fell ill and died in Constantinople. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. John II (533-535) A Roman pope with the given name Mercurius, but not being able to take the papal throne with the pagan name he had. He assumed the name John. He was the first pope to change his name once elected. He fought against all simony. With the Alarican edict, he established that he was head of all of the bishops. He is buried at the Vatican grottoes at Saint Peter’s. St. Boniface II (530-532) He became Pope at the request of his predecessor Felix IV. A schism was born when the clergy nominated archdeacon Dioscurro, but they lost favour soon afterwards, when the competitor died. He is buried at the Vatican Grottoes at Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. Felix IV (526-530) He was elected by the imperial nomination of Theodoric, to carry out his aims. He however showed to all how dedicated to the Church he was. He gained great favour from the court of Ravenna, such as power to judge the clergy in civil matters. Over fears of a schism, he passed the Papal robe to his successor Boniface II, but this action provoked a schism in the Roman Church. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes at Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. John I (523-526) Originally from Tuscany. He was elected Pope on 13 august and sent by King Theodore to the Emperor of the East, Justin II to obtain a cessation of the measures against Arianism. He was received with great honours, but on his return to Ravenna, Theodore threw him in to prison. He was jailed for part failure of his ambassadorship. He died in prison. He is buried in the portico of Saint Peter’s Basilica, the Church considers him a great martyr. St. Hormsidas (514-523) He was elected Pope one day after the death of Symmachus, after he reconciled the consequences of the schism caused by antipope Lorenzo, he was forced to face the even greater consequences of the schism Acacius. The definitive reconciliation between the Church of the East and of the West happened during his pontificate. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. Symmachus (498-514) Born in Sardinia. He was legitimized Pope by King Theodoric, when certain minor Byzantine factions nominated antipope Lorenzo. During the council of 499 at Saint Peter’s, Symmachus established that a Pope could not nominate his successor. He is buried at Saint Peter’s Basilica. (Saint) Anastasius II (496-498) Born in Rome, he was consecrated Pope, during his pontificate he tried to find a compromise with Constantinople. Regarding the Schism of Acacius and even defended the Roman position, he was nearly considered a heretic for not taking a more aggressive stance. Cloveus, King of France, converted to Christianity and was baptized together with 3000 of his countryman. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. Gelasius I (492-496) Of African origin, he was an advisor to Felix III. He rose to the papal throne during the Schism of Acacia, avidly sustaining the Roman Church against the Eastern Empire of Anastasius. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. Felix III (483-492) Born in Rome. He took the name Felix III due to the presence of an antipope or due to an error in registration. He saw the rise of conflicts with the Patriarch of Constantinople, Acacius. The Patriarch ignored the decisions of the council of Calcedonia. Felix III excommunicated him and deposed him; this gave rise to the Schism of Acacius. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint Paul’s outside the Walls the only Pope to have ever had been done so. St. Simplicius (468-483) Born near Rome. He was elected Pope during a period of incessant barbaric invasions that destroyed everything except the Vatican. The schism that followed brought about the founding of new churches in Constantinople. Never the less, for the same reason he gained more influence in the West. He is buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. Hilarius (461-468) Born in Cagliari, the deacon Ilarius was the successor of Leo the great. He participated in the council of Ephesus as the Roman legate and followed in the footsteps of Leo I in ecclesiastical and political matters. After his election as Pope he dedicated himself to ordaining Churches beyond the Alps. His body lays in San Lorenzo Outside the Walls. St. Leo I (the Great) (440-461) Originally from Volterra, he climbed the ecclesiastical ladder rapidly and was elected Pope Unanimously by the clergy and the people. He was not able to evade the sacking of Rome in 455 by Genseric vandals. He is buried in saint Peter’s Basilica under the altar dedicated to him. St. Sixtus III (432-440) A Roman priest, he was of great diplomatic skill. He worked to reconciling the doctrinal controversies that arose over the Nestorian Theory after the council of Ephesus. He is buried in San Lorenzo Outside the Walls. St. Celestine I (422-432) Deacon of Campania region, he was a friend of Saint Augustine, which sided him in resolving differences with the Church in Africa. He followed the ecclesiastical polices of Boniface I and fought against the Pelagians, especially in Great Britain and Southern France. He is buried in Rome in the church of Santa Prassede. St. Boniface I (418-422) Born in Rome, he was elected nearly simultaneously with antipope Eulalius, without much ado until Emperor Honorius Flavis officially recognized him. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Zosimas (417-418) A Greek priest, he was elected Pope nominated by his predecessor Innocent I. his short lived pontificate was difficult and troubled. His body is conserved in the Basilica of San Lorenzo Outside the Walls. St. Innocent I (401-417) A believer in the supremacy of the Bishop of Rome’s entire authority over the Church, he tried to create liturgical uniformity, basing the standard on the Roman Rite. He sided with Giovanni Crisostomo who was hated by the Empress Eudoxia, she deposed him as the Patriarch of Constantinople. He is buried in the Roman Church of San Martino ai Monti. St. Anastasius I (399-401) Born in Rome to the Massimi family, he defended Orthodoxy against the doctrines of Donatus and Majorinus, considering their works heretical. He is buried in Rome above the catacombs of San Ponziano. St. Siricius (384-399) Roman born, he was elected pontiff after a strong opposition by the Lords of Urbino. After the reign of Saint Peter, he was the first to use the title ‘Pope’. He was buried in the cemetery of Priscilla until Paschal II moved his relics to the Church of Santa Prassede. St. Damasus I (366-384) Born to a Spanish noble family, he was elected Pope against antipope Ursicinus, after three days of battle between the two opposing factions and countless dead and wounded. He was backed by Emperor Valentinian I and confirmed the supremacy of the Church in Rome over all others, designating the Roman Bishop as custodian of Orthodoxy in the West. He is buried in Rome in the Church of San Lorenzo in Damaso. Liberius (352-366) Born in Rome to the Savelli family. Emperor Constant, protector of the Arians, ordered Pope Liberius to approve the condemnation of Anthanasius. He did not agree and was therefore exiled for his refusal. During his absence Archdeacon Felix II, governed the Church. In 338 Liberius returned to Rome and is responsible for the Basilica of Saint Mary Major. He is buried in the Vatican Grottoes. St. Julius I (337-352) He became Pope during the battle with the Arians, which the council of Nicean had not yet suppressed. His remains are in the Church of Saint Mary in Trastevere. St. Mark (January-October 336) Roman born, Mark was the pontiff for a short period. His pontificate centred around the Arian heresy. He is attributed with the decision that the Bishop of Ostia consecrates the Pope as well as the creation of the first calendar listing all of the religious holidays. He introduced the ‘Pallio’ (White Woollen Stole) St. Sylvester I (314-335) Born in Rome. Elected Pope. It was the blandest papacy ever. His relics are in the Church of Saint Sylvester in Capite. St. Miltiades (311-314) Born in Africa, his pontificate took place during a time of great change for Christians. Constantine beat Emperor Maxementius in the battle of Ponte Milvio 312. Christians obtained religious freedom with the Empire, which resulted in Christianity winning over paganism. His body rests in the Church of Saint Sylvester in Capite. St. Eusebius (18 April-17 August 309) Greek origin, his pontificate was very brief. His body is in the Church of Saint Sebastian. St. Marcellus I (308-309) After four years without a Pope, Marcellus I was elected as the new pontiff. He restored order to the Church in Rome under the reign of the new Emperor Maxentius after the persecutions by Diocletian. He died in exile. His remains were taken to Rome and buried in the cemetery of Priscilla. St. Marcellinus (296-304) Elected Pope in 296 and governed the Church during the days of the terrible persecutions by Emperor Diocletian, when an imperial edict was passed to confiscate Christian wealth. Marcellinus followed the mandate without opposition. The assembly o bishops absolved him of responsibility but did not accept his penitence, in that way abstaining from condemning him. He was arrested twice and died a martyr on Oct 35 of 304. St. Caius or Gaius (283-296) Born in Dalmatia and a nephew of Emperor Diocletian he was probably martyred by decapitation. His execution was not ordered by his uncle, but by Emperor Maximillian. He is attributed with the decree stating that no one may access the episcopate without having already received the level of Ositary, reader, acolyte, exorcist, sub deacon, deacon and priest. His relics are kept in the private Barberini Chapel in Rome. St. Eutychian (275-283) He was elected Pope, He was known for his piety, he buried hundreds of martyrs and suffered their same fate under the persecution of Emperor Numerian in 283. He decided that the martyrs should be wrapped in a white sheet and dressed with the dalmatica of Roman emperors. His relics are in the Gothic Cathedral in the city of Sarzana. St. Felix I (269-274) Roman by birth, his pontificate was under Emperor Aurelian, who limited the freedom of Christian cult, ordering their persecution. Felix began the tradition of burying the martyrs under the altars. His body is in the Church of Santa Prassede. St. Dionysius (259-268) The pontifical throne was entrusted to Dionysius after a year with no pontiff, due to Emperor Valerian’s persecutions. Dionysius reordered the Roman parochial districts and is distinguished for his extensive activity in the field of defining dogma and for combating heresy of his time. On the death of Emperor Valerian in 260, his son Gallienus took the throne and was much more lenient with Christians, allowing the new Pope to calmly dedicate himself to problems within the Church. He is buried in the cemetery of Saint Callistus. St. Sixtus II (257-258) Born in Athens. He tried to restore peaceful relations between the Church of Rome and Carthage, over whether or not to rebaptism the heretics. He adopted a tolerant behaviour towards Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, who preferred re-baptism of converted heretics. Persecuted by Emperor Valerian, he was decapitated on the same Episcopal throne of the cemetery of Pretestato near his tomb in the Catacombs of Saint Callistus. St. Stephen I (254-257) A Roman Nobleman, titular priests & deacons with ecclesiastical standing elected him in the cemetery of Saint Callistus in front of the Christian community. Stephen was exiled by Emperor Valerian. It is said that soldiers decapitated him on the pontifical throne while he was officiating at a religious function in the catacombs of Saint Callistus. He is buried in Rome in the Church of San Silvestro in Capite. St. Lucius I (253-54) Born in Lucca. Elected Pontiff June of 251. Immediately exiled to Civitavecchia under the reign of Emperor Gallus, he returned to Rome under the reign of Valerian. He died in 254. His pontificate lasted eight months and ten days. He is buried in the papal crypt at the catacombs of Saint Callistus. St. Cornelius (251-53) During his pontificate Cornelius opposed the priest Novation, who had declared himself Pope. The priest was later excommunicated by a synod of bishops held in Rome by Cornelius.. The pope was exiled to Civitavecchia, he died June 253. He was buried by a Roman matron named Lucina in a crypt on her estate near the cemetery of Saint Callistus. St. Fabian (236-50) A dove landed on his head, the assembled faithful was so touched by this act that they elected him as Pope. He was condemned to death on January 20, 250. His body rests in the crypt of the Saint Callistus cemetery. St. Anterus (235-36) Of Greek origin. He died forty three days after his pontificate began. Anterus is buried in the papal crypt at the cemetery of Saint Callistus. St. Pontain (230-36) Roman by birth. Elected Pope on July 21, 230. Pontain was deported and condemned to forced labour in the Sardinian mines, after abdicating the papal throne to Anterus in 235. He ordered the singing of Psalms and the reciting of the ‘Confiteor Deo’ before a death. He is buried in the papal crypt in the Saint Callistus cemetery. St. Urban I (222-30) Born in Rome. He converted Saint Cecilia and her pagan husband Valerian to Christianity. He began the acquisition of real estate by the Church. Part of his relics was donated by Pope Nicholas I to the French King, Charles the Bald in 862. St. Callistus I (217-22) Born in Rome. He is responsible for one of the most ancient Roman Basilicas, Saint Mary in Trastevere which was constructed in the same place. He died a martyr. St. Zephyrinus (199-217) He defended the Rite of baptism and the insolubility of matrimonial bonds. He is buried in the catacombs of Saint Callistus. St. Victor I (189-199) Born in Africa. He extended his boundaries of Roman evangelisation. He changed the official liturgical language from Greek to Latin. He is also buried in the necropolis of Saint Peter’s in the Sacred Vatican Grottoes. St. Eleutherius (175-189) Of Albanian origin and a disciple of Anicetus, he sent two envoys, Fugaxius and Damian to England to convert the English to Christianity. He is buried near the tomb of Saint Peter. St. Soter (166-175) Originally from Fondi in the region of Latium. Elected Pope during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Generous towards the Corinthian Church. He prohibited women from touching sacred utensils and from burning incense during liturgical celebrations. He is buried in the Church of Saint Martino ai Monti in Rome. St. Anicetus (155-166) Born in Syria. He met the Greek Bishop Polycarp with whom he discussed the official date for celebrating Easter. They agreed to follow there own two customs of the Roman Rite established by St Peter and Polycarp the Eastern Orthodox Rite. He was the first Bishop of Rome to be buried in the catacombs of San Later. Pope Clement VIII moved his remains to Palazzo Attempts in Rome. St. Pius I (140-155) Born in Friuli region of Aquileia. Elected pontiff after four years without a Pope. He is attributed with the ordination of deacons, priests and bishops. He is venerated as a martyr. He is buried next to Saint Peter. St. Hyginus (136-140) Originally from Athens. He worked to defend the doctrine of the Old Testament. The Liber Ponticialis credits him with regulating the clergy. He died in 140 but not as a Martyr. He was buried near Saint Peter’s Basilica. St. Telesphorus (125-136) Of Greek origin. His final resting place is unknown but is believed to be buried next to Saint Peter’s tomb. ‘Suffered Martyrship Gloriously’ St. Sixtus I (115-125) Of Roman origin. He was elected Pope during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. Sixtus fought against the Gnostic heresy. He issued many liturgical and discipline decrees, such as the provision that the chalice and the paten can only be touched by a priest. He also introduced ‘Sanctus‘ in to the Holy Mass. Probably martyred . He is not buried in the Vatican but perhaps in the Cathedral of Altari. St. Alexander I (105-115) Born in Rome. He was a disciple of Plutarch and the first Pope to be elected by the selection of the bishop’s in Rome instead of the Last Will & Testament of his predecessor. He is accredited for beginning Holy Water to be kept in churches and houses. He is probably buried in the Roman Church Santa Sabina. St. Evaristus (97-105) Originally from Judea. It is said that he instituted parochial districts to accommodate the growing numbers of faithful and that he divided the city into diaconates. Each area was entrusted to an older priest, who supervised the diffusion of Christian aid and charity, giving rise to the present day cardinals. Neapolitan legend holds that he is buried in Naples in the Church of Saint Mary Major. St. Clement I (88-97) Born in Rome,. He was Peter & Paul’s disciple. Martyred during the reign of Emperor Trajan. He is buried in Rome in the Church that carries his name. St. Anacletus (Cletus) (76-88) Born in Athens. His pontificate lasted from 77 until 88. Anacletus instituted the first parochial divisions in Rome. He was martyred after having a temple built on Saint Peter’s tomb, destined as a resting place for martyrs. He is buried there also. St. Linus (67-76) Born in Volterra. Became Pope at 67 years of age. He lived through the reigns of 5 different Emperors. During his pontificate the Evangelists Mark & Luke were martyred. He was martyred during the reign of Vespasian, he was buried next to Saint Peter.  Saint PETER (67). Born in Betsaida, After the Resurrection, on Lake Tiberiade, Christ entrusted his flock, to Peter, consecrating him as pontiff, One of the Twelve Apostles, his name was originally Simon, but was changed to Kefa meaning "rock" He is accredited with the first ecclesiastic ordination, thus he is considered the founder of the Holy Roman Church. He died on June 29th at the age of 67, he was buried on Vatican hill, where the Basilica of Saint Peter's now stands. | |||||
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